{"id":13521,"date":"2020-04-07T18:56:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T16:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/daphne.sk\/?p=13521"},"modified":"2022-11-05T18:10:24","modified_gmt":"2022-11-05T18:10:24","slug":"dvanast_barier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/dvanast_barier\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedom\u00ed u\u010ditelia \u2013 Dvan\u00e1s\u0165 bari\u00e9r v komunik\u00e1cii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre posilnenia u\u010dite\u013ea \u2013 Karol Herian<\/p>\n<p>\u201e<em>Netolerantn\u00fd \u00b4majite\u013e pravdy\u00b4 je ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00edm pre ka\u017ed\u00fd odbor, ja v\u0161ak m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee vo svojom vn\u00fatri n\u00e1js\u0165 stopy tak\u00e9ho \u010dloveka<\/em>.\u201c (Carl. R. Rogers)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imnime si teraz na\u0161e sp\u00f4soby komunik\u00e1cie a\u00a0ich vplyv na kvalitu vz\u0165ahov.<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Gordon, re\u0161pektovan\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1hal rodi\u010dom, u\u010dite\u013eom i\u00a0mana\u017e\u00e9rom ch\u00e1pa\u0165\u00a0 vz\u0165ahy a\u00a0cez ne efekt\u00edvne u\u010di\u0165, podporova\u0165 alebo vies\u0165 druh\u00fdch p\u00ed\u0161e <strong>o\u00a0dvan\u00e1stich bari\u00e9rach komunik\u00e1cie<\/strong>.[1] Tieto bari\u00e9ry mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do troch ve\u013ek\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: posudzovanie; rie\u0161enie; vyh\u00fdbanie sa starostiam druh\u00fdch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Posudzovanie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. posudzovanie, kritika (posudzovanie, kritizovanie, nes\u00fahlas, obvi\u0148ovanie)<\/p>\n<p>2. prez\u00fdvky, v\u00fdsmech\u00a0 (nad\u00e1vanie, v\u00fdsmech, poni\u017eovanie)<\/p>\n<p>3. diagn\u00f3zy (v\u00fdklad, anal\u00fdza, diagn\u00f3za)<\/p>\n<p>4. hodnotiace pochvaly\u00a0 (upokojovanie, \u013eutovanie, ute\u0161ovanie, podporovanie)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rie\u0161enia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5. pr\u00edkazy (prikazovanie, naria\u010fovanie)<\/p>\n<p>6. hrozby (varovanie, napom\u00ednanie, vyhr\u00e1\u017eky)<\/p>\n<p>7. moralizovanie (nab\u00e1danie, dohov\u00e1ranie)<\/p>\n<p>8. zis\u0165ovanie, nevhodn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (zis\u0165ovanie, dopytovanie, vypo\u010d\u00favanie)<\/p>\n<p>9. rady (predkladanie n\u00e1vrhov a rie\u0161en\u00ed)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyh\u00fdbanie sa starostiam in\u00fdch:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>10. odklon od t\u00e9my (ods\u00favanie t\u00e9my, rozpty\u013eovanie, z\u013eah\u010dovanie, rozvese\u013eovanie)<\/p>\n<p>11. logick\u00e9 argumenty, pou\u010dovanie\u00a0 (logika, k\u00e1zanie, pou\u010dovanie)<\/p>\n<p>12. uis\u0165ovanie (ute\u0161ovanie, \u013eutovanie, podporovanie)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vyzeraj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto bari\u00e9r celkom nevinne. Pochvala, uistenie, logick\u00e9 odpovede, ot\u00e1zky a dobre mienen\u00e9 rady sa \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00fa za pozit\u00edvne faktory v medzi\u013eudsk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch. Pre\u010do si potom behavior\u00e1lni vedci myslia o t\u00fdchto dvan\u00e1stich typoch reakci\u00ed, \u017ee s\u00fa pre komunik\u00e1ciu potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdchto dvan\u00e1s\u0165 sp\u00f4sobov reagovania sa pova\u017euje za riskantn\u00e9 reakcie, nie za nevyhnutne de\u0161trukt\u00edvne prvky komunik\u00e1cie. Pravdepodobne sk\u00f4r zablokuj\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, zmaria \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mu druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka a zv\u00fd\u0161ia emocion\u00e1lnu vzdialenos\u0165 medzi \u013eu\u010fmi v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Posudzovanie druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia z\u00e1tarasa.\u00a0 Napr\u00edklad Psychol\u00f3g Carl Rogers[2] je presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia bari\u00e9ra v\u00a0medzi\u013eudskej komunik\u00e1cii spo\u010d\u00edva v na\u0161ej ve\u013emi prirodzenej tendencii posudzova\u0165 \u2013 schva\u013eova\u0165 alebo neschva\u013eova\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie in\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Len m\u00e1lo \u013eud\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee to rob\u00ed. Napriek tomu Rogers vo svojom diele presved\u010dil, \u017ee tendencia posudzova\u0165 je roz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ia, ne\u017e si \u013eudia uvedomuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00ed u\u010ditelia si myslia, \u017ee musia posudzova\u0165 svojich \u017eiakov, lebo inak z nich nevyrast\u00fa vzdelan\u00ed, pracovit\u00ed a dobre vychovan\u00ed dospel\u00ed. Posudzuj\u00fa myslenie a\u00a0konanie \u017eiakov a\u00a0t\u00fdm im nechtiac vysielaj\u00fa sign\u00e1ly: ste nedostato\u010dn\u00ed. \u017diaci sa prirodzene br\u00e1nia, chc\u00fa si zachova\u0165 predstavu o\u00a0sebe a\u00a0\u201espr\u00e1vu\u201c dospel\u00e9ho neprij\u00edmaj\u00fa. Registruj\u00fa v\u0161ak em\u00f3ciu a\u00a0postoj a\u00a0\u010dasto sa m\u00f4\u017eu c\u00edti\u0165 neschopn\u00ed, pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, menejcenn\u00ed. Tieto pocity si nechaj\u00fa pre seba, odcudzuj\u00fa sa u\u010dite\u013eovi, vz\u0165ah ochladne a\u00a0t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom sa oslabuje aj vplyv dospel\u00e9ho na \u017eiaka.<\/p>\n<p>Posudzovanie \u010dasto m\u00f4\u017ee vyvola\u0165 negat\u00edvnu protireakciu: \u201eTy nie si o ni\u010d lep\u0161\u00ed...\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ia skupina komunika\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1tar\u00e1s obsahuje rie\u0161enia pre druh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Rie\u0161enia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00e1van\u00e9 starostlivo ako rady, nepriamo vo forme ot\u00e1zok, autoritat\u00edvne ako pr\u00edkazy, agres\u00edvne ako hrozby alebo so sv\u00e4to\u017eiarou ako moralizovanie. Niekedy je poskytovanie rie\u0161enia riskantnej\u0161ie, inokedy menej. Poskytovanie rie\u0161enia \u010dasto komplikuje probl\u00e9m alebo vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my bez rie\u0161enia p\u00f4vodnej dilemy. Pr\u00edkazy, hrozby, moralizovanie, rady\u00a0 \u2013 to s\u00fa formy d\u00e1vania rie\u0161enia a\u00a0tie m\u00f4\u017eu vzt\u00fd\u010di\u0165 bari\u00e9ru vo vz\u0165ahu, naru\u0161i\u0165 rast toho druh\u00e9ho a\u00a0oddiali\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad pr\u00edkaz je rie\u0161enie vyslan\u00e9 n\u00e1tlakovo a podopret\u00e9 silou. Ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva n\u00e1tlak, \u017eiaci sa \u010dasto stavaj\u00fa na odpor a vznik\u00e1 v nich hnev. \u010casto m\u00f4\u017eu vyprovokova\u0165 nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 pocity, boj, vzdor a v\u00fdsledkom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sabot\u00e1\u017e. Alebo sa stane, \u017ee \u017eiaci, ktor\u00ed neust\u00e1le dost\u00e1vali pr\u00edkazy, sa stan\u00fa ve\u013emi poddajn\u00ed a\u00a0pas\u00edvni. \u00a0Pr\u00edkazy toti\u017e obsahuj\u00fa v sebe skryt\u00e9 posolstvo: tvoj \u00fasudok je nedostato\u010dn\u00fd, never\u00edm ti, never\u00edm tvojim schopnostiam \u00a0a\u00a0preto maj\u00fa tendenciu podkop\u00e1va\u0165 seba\u00factu \u017eiaka.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00fd vplyv maj\u00fa \u201ek\u00e1zne\u201c \u010di moralizovanie u\u010dite\u013eov. Tie podporuj\u00fa \u00fazkos\u0165, podr\u00e1\u017edenie, maj\u00fa tendenciu nar\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 \u00faprimn\u00e9 vyjadrovanie sa a\u00a0povzbudzuj\u00fa k pretv\u00e1rke. Moralizovanie a \u201ek\u00e1zne\u201c vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa pocity viny \u201e som zl\u00fd..., to som si mohol myslie\u0165\u201c a\u00a0tak si \u017eiak povie, \u017ee sa rad\u0161ej pred t\u00fdmto dospel\u00fdm bude skr\u00fdva\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Rada je \u010fal\u0161ia \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 z\u00e1tarasa. V najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade je poni\u017euj\u00faca.\u00a0 No, \u010do je zl\u00e9 na dobrej rade? Rada je \u010dasto z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 ur\u00e1\u017eka inteligencie druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Obsahuje v sebe nedostatok d\u00f4very v schopnosti partnera vyrovna\u0165 sa s probl\u00e9mom, teda ned\u00f4very, \u017ee pochop\u00ed a zvl\u00e1dne svoje \u0165a\u017ekosti.<\/p>\n<p>Zost\u00e1vaj\u00face tri bari\u00e9ry \u2013 odklon od t\u00e9my, logick\u00e9 argumenty a uis\u0165ovanie \u2013 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vyh\u00fdbanie sa starostiam druh\u00fdch a\u00a0s\u00fa to v\u00fdhybky rozhovoru od n\u00e1\u0161ho partnera k\u00a0\u010domusi bezpe\u010dnej\u0161iemu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eMysli na to, \u010do je v tom pozit\u00edvne.\u201c \u201eK\u00fdm si neodd\u00fdchne\u0161, tak na to nemysli.\u201c\u00a0 \u201eDajme si obed a zabudnime na to.\u201c\u00a0 \u201eToto mi pripom\u00edna situ\u00e1ciu m\u00f4jho syna...\u201c\u00a0 \u201eTo si len mysl\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee m\u00e1\u0161 probl\u00e9my, s\u00fa aj \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie pr\u00edpady.\u201c \u201eZabudnime na to.\u201c\u00a0 \u201ePri obede sa o tom nebavme.\u201c\u00a0 \u201eAle cho\u010f, po\u010fme na pr\u00edjemnej\u0161iu t\u00e9mu.\u201c \u201eA ako sa maj\u00fa rodi\u010dia?\u201c\u00a0 \u201eMy sme si t\u00fdm tie\u017e pre\u0161li.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Pozn\u00e1te tieto v\u00fdhybky? Prestaneme vn\u00edma\u0165 partnera, nechceme ho vypo\u010du\u0165 a\u00a0re\u010d v \u201edobrom\u201c \u00famysle odvedieme tam, kde sa c\u00edtime lep\u0161ie. Bez oh\u013eadu na \u017eiaka, jeho pocity, potreby. Ak u\u010dite\u013e takto odsunie probl\u00e9m, sotva sa vyrie\u0161i, vynor\u00ed sa nesk\u00f4r. A\u00a0\u017eiaci sa nau\u010dia chodi\u0165 so svojimi pocitmi a probl\u00e9mami inde.<\/p>\n<p>Podobne \u0161kodliv\u00fd vplyv na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu i\u00a0na vz\u0165ah m\u00e1 ute\u0161ovanie.\u00a0 \u201eZajtra to bude\u0161 c\u00edti\u0165 in\u00e1\u010d...\u201c\u00a0 \u201eTo bude dobr\u00e9...\u201c\u00a0 \u201ePo b\u00farke sa vyjasn\u00ed...\u201c\u00a0 \u201eTo sa vyrie\u0161i...\u201c\u00a0 \u201eNie je to tak\u00e9 zl\u00e9...\u201c\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eNemus\u00ed\u0161 sa ob\u00e1va\u0165...\u201c \u201eT\u00fdmto si mus\u00ed prejs\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd.\u201c\u00a0 \u201eS tvoj\u00edm talentom to ur\u010dite zvl\u00e1dne\u0161.\u201c \u00a0\u00a0Uis\u0165ovanie \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa u\u010ditelia, ktor\u00fdm sa p\u00e1\u010di my\u0161lienka pom\u00e1ha\u0165 druh\u00fdm, ale ktor\u00ed nechc\u00fa pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165 emocion\u00e1lnu n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je s t\u00fdm spojen\u00e1. Paradoxne uis\u0165ovanie p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako forma emocion\u00e1lneho odtiahnutia sa.\u00a0 Ute\u0161ovanie uzatv\u00e1ra komunik\u00e1ciu \u2013 \u017eiak c\u00edti, \u017ee my chceme, aby prestal c\u00edti\u0165, \u010do c\u00edti...<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>CVI\u010cENIE\u00a0\u00a0 Moje bari\u00e9ry v\u00a0troch pr\u00edpadoch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa pozriete na odpovede k predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facemu cvi\u010deniu, na\u0161li ste medzi nimi i niektor\u00e9 uveden\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry? Ako ste \u00a0odpovedali kolegyni, \u017eia\u010dke a\u00a0\u017eiakovi?<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0ak\u00e1 je alternat\u00edva? Ako inak by ste mohli odpoveda\u0165?<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa pozriete na odpovede k predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facemu cvi\u010deniu a na\u0161li ste medzi nimi i niektor\u00e9 uveden\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry, zaiste uva\u017eujete, ako in\u00e1\u010d by sa dalo odpoveda\u0165. Ako podpori\u0165 kolegy\u0148u, \u017eia\u010dku \u010di\u00a0\u017eiaka tak, aby to posilnilo v\u00e1\u0161 vz\u0165ah a\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasne, aby sa v\u0161etci traja pribl\u00ed\u017eili k\u00a0rie\u0161eniu svoje \u0165a\u017ekej situ\u00e1cie \u010di dilemy?<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e to m\u00e1te?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ukazuje sa, \u017ee t\u00fdm najzdrav\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edstupom je empatia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sk\u00fasme si prehra\u0165 tri dial\u00f3gy, ke\u010f nerad\u00edme, nemoralizujeme, nenapr\u00e1vame, ale v\u00a0prvom rade vyjadr\u00edme prijatie druh\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, d\u00e1me mu najavo re\u0161pekt vo\u010di tomu, \u010do c\u00edti a ako sa spr\u00e1va.\u00a0 Nes\u00fadime, neporovn\u00e1vame, nezis\u0165ujeme, ale po\u010d\u00favame a zauj\u00edmame sa. Asi je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee tok rozhovoru sa bude vyv\u00edja\u0165 celkom in\u00e1\u010d a\u00a0po chv\u00edli sme pre kolegy\u0148u \u010di pre \u017eiakov t\u00e1 najlep\u0161ia opora. A\u00a0oni si za\u010dn\u00fa rie\u0161i\u0165 svoju situ\u00e1ciu sami, s\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou d\u00f4verou. Tie\u017e s\u00a0v\u010fakou za n\u00e1s a\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161 vz\u0165ah.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161ou ve\u013ekou in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre budovanie vz\u0165ahov aj v\u00a0\u0161kolskom prostred\u00ed a\u00a0predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre potrebu empatick\u00e9ho porozumenie \u017eiaka zo strany u\u010dite\u013eov je Carl Rogers. V\u0161imnime si, \u010do p\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0kapitole Vzdel\u00e1vanie a\u00a0bud\u00facnos\u0165.[3]<\/p>\n<p>Ak m\u00e1 u\u010dite\u013e schopnos\u0165 porozumie\u0165 intuit\u00edvne reakci\u00e1m ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017eiaka, citlivo vn\u00edma, ako je prij\u00edman\u00fd proces v\u00fdchovy a\u00a0vzdel\u00e1vania v\u00a0jeho o\u010diach, tak je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 navodenia v\u00fdznamnej\u0161ieho u\u010denia.<\/p>\n<p>Tento druh porozumenia sa celkom odli\u0161uje od be\u017en\u00e9ho hodnotiaceho porozumenia, ktor\u00e9 sa deje pod\u013ea vzorca: \u201eRozumiem tomu, kde rob\u00ed\u0161 chybu.\u201c Ak je ale \u017eiak citlivo a\u00a0empaticky vn\u00edman\u00fd, jeho vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 reakcia vyzer\u00e1 zhruba nasledovne:\u00a0 \u201eKone\u010dne niekto porozumel tomu, ak\u00e9 je to by\u0165 mnou a\u00a0bez toho, aby ma chcel analyzova\u0165 a\u00a0hodnoti\u0165.\u00a0 Teraz m\u00f4\u017eem rozkvita\u0165, r\u00e1s\u0165, u\u010di\u0165 sa.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Tento postoj u\u010dite\u013ea, ktor\u00fd\u00a0 je \u201ev \u017eiakovej ko\u017ei\u201c, \u201evid\u00ed svet jeho o\u010dami\u201c , je v\u00a0triedach takmer nesl\u00fdchan\u00fd. Ak v\u0161ak u\u010dite\u013e reaguje sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd vedie u\u00a0\u017eiaka k\u00a0pocitu porozumenia \u2013 nie posudzovania \u010di hodnotenia, m\u00e1 to obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p>Hum\u00e1nna atmosf\u00e9ra je nielen pr\u00edjemnej\u0161ia pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje tie\u017e lep\u0161ie a\u00a0zmysluplnej\u0161ie u\u010denie. Ak nach\u00e1dzame v\u00a0triede postoje \u00faprimnosti, \u00facty k\u00a0\u010dloveku, porozumeniu osobn\u00e9mu svetu \u0161tudenta, dej\u00fa sa vzru\u0161uj\u00face veci. Odmenou nie s\u00fa iba tak\u00e9 veci ako zn\u00e1mky a zlep\u0161enie znalost\u00ed, ale aj ne\u013eahko vidite\u013en\u00e9 charakteristiky, ako je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia sebad\u00f4vera, vy\u0161\u0161ia miera tvorivosti a\u00a0viac sympati\u00ed k\u00a0ostatn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00e1tky \u201e\u0165ah\u00e1k\u201c o\u00a0umen\u00ed pestova\u0165 zdrav\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pre zdrav\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy pestujeme postoj: Ja som OK \u2013 ty si OK.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e1\u017eime si a re\u0161pektujeme seba i druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>\u00daprimne sa zauj\u00edmame o druh\u00fdch.\u00a0 Skuto\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0 zvedavos\u0165 pom\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00favame \u013eud\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho srdca. Podporujeme ich, aby hovorili\u00a0 o sebe.<\/p>\n<p>Empatia je obrovsk\u00fd dar \u010dloveku.<\/p>\n<p>Sme autentick\u00ed \u2013 uk\u00e1\u017eeme, \u010do si mysl\u00edme, ako sa c\u00edtime. Pretv\u00e1rka vz\u0165ahy ni\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prij\u00edmame druh\u00e9ho tak\u00e9ho, ak\u00fd je \u2013 sk\u00f4r ako by sme ho chceli hodnoti\u0165,\u00a0 meni\u0165, napr\u00e1va\u0165, sk\u00fasime mu porozumie\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cim lep\u0161ie pozn\u00e1me svoje potreby a potreby druh\u00fdch, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie ich m\u00f4\u017eeme naplni\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm sme \u00fastretovej\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0 potreb\u00e1m partnera, t\u00fdm viac bude on (\u010dasto automaticky) uspokojova\u0165 na\u0161e vlastn\u00e9 potreby.<\/p>\n<p>Poh\u013eadom do o\u010d\u00ed sa nadv\u00e4zuje kontakt a rozv\u00edja vz\u0165ah.<\/p>\n<p>Usmievame sa. Ak to tak c\u00edtime...<\/p>\n<p>Pam\u00e4t\u00e1me si men\u00e1 \u013eud\u00ed a oslovujeme ich nimi.<\/p>\n<p>Nach\u00e1dzame a rozv\u00edjame spolo\u010dn\u00e9 t\u00e9my a z\u00e1ujmy s druh\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Uk\u00e1\u017eeme sa \u201ebez zbran\u00ed a brnenia\u201c.\u00a0 Zranite\u013enos\u0165 je z\u00e1kladom d\u00f4very a najhlb\u0161\u00edch vz\u0165ahov.<\/p>\n<p>Otvoren\u00e1 a priama komunik\u00e1cia je palivom zdrav\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov.<\/p>\n<p>Skutky s\u00fa viac ne\u017e z\u00e1mery a slov\u00e1 \u2013 starostlivos\u0165 o druh\u00e9ho pom\u00e1ha obom stran\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0 Gordon. T., Teacher Effectiveness Training. Longman Publishing Group, 2012<br \/>\n[2] Carl Ransom Rogers, americk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, predstavite\u013e humanistickej psychol\u00f3gie. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 diela je prelo\u017een\u00e1 do \u010de\u0161tiny a sloven\u010diny. Freedom to Learn je kniha, kde Rogers prep\u00e1ja svoj poh\u013ead psychol\u00f3ga so svetom vzdel\u00e1vania a vy\u0161la aj na Slovensku pod n\u00e1zvom Sloboda u\u010di\u0165 sa.<br \/>\n[3] Rogers, C. Zp\u016fsob byt\u00ed. Port\u00e1l, 1998.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11628\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/logo_interreg_eu_header-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"129\" height=\"106\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11524\" src=\"http:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB-300x99.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB-300x99.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB-1024x336.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB-768x252.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB-1536x505.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/SK-AT_logo_ERDF_RGB.jpg 1641w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Karol Herian \u2013 Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre posilnenie u\u010dite\u013eov\/\u010das\u0165 Dvan\u00e1s\u0165 bari\u00e9r v komunik\u00e1cii<\/p>\n<p>Vydan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci projektu \u201eKooper\u00e1cie v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania v pohrani\u010dnom regi\u00f3ne SK-AT\u201c realizovan\u00e9ho v r\u00e1mci Programu spolupr\u00e1ce INTERREG V-A SK-AT<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Auf Deutsch:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/Bewusste_PadagogInnen_A4_DE_final.pdf\">Karol Herian: Bewusste P\u00e4dagogInnen \u2013 Pers\u00f6nlichkeit, Beziehungen, Methoden \/ Handbuch f\u00fcr Unterst\u00fctzung der Lehrer<\/a>  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre posilnenia u\u010dite\u013ea \u2013 Karol Herian \u201eNetolerantn\u00fd \u00b4majite\u013e pravdy\u00b4 je ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00edm pre ka\u017ed\u00fd odbor, ja v\u0161ak m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee vo svojom vn\u00fatri n\u00e1js\u0165 stopy tak\u00e9ho \u010dloveka.\u201c (Carl. R. Rogers) &nbsp; V\u0161imnime si teraz na\u0161e sp\u00f4soby komunik\u00e1cie a\u00a0ich vplyv na kvalitu vz\u0165ahov. Thomas Gordon, re\u0161pektovan\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1hal rodi\u010dom, u\u010dite\u013eom i\u00a0mana\u017e\u00e9rom ch\u00e1pa\u0165\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[],"kategoria-bigling":[],"class_list":["post-13521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-aktuality"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1.png","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1.png",1079,759,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1-300x211.png",300,211,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1-768x540.png",768,540,true],"large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1-1024x720.png",1024,720,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1.png",1079,759,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1.png",1079,759,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bariera_1-1-450x450.png",450,450,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Pr\u00edru\u010dka pre posilnenia u\u010dite\u013ea \u2013 Karol Herian \u201eNetolerantn\u00fd \u00b4majite\u013e pravdy\u00b4 je ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00edm pre ka\u017ed\u00fd odbor, ja v\u0161ak m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee vo svojom vn\u00fatri n\u00e1js\u0165 stopy tak\u00e9ho \u010dloveka.\u201c (Carl. R. Rogers) &nbsp; V\u0161imnime si teraz na\u0161e sp\u00f4soby komunik\u00e1cie a\u00a0ich vplyv na kvalitu vz\u0165ahov. Thomas Gordon, re\u0161pektovan\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1hal rodi\u010dom, u\u010dite\u013eom i\u00a0mana\u017e\u00e9rom ch\u00e1pa\u0165\u00a0","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"meta_box":{"canky":false,"feature_image_off":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20456,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13521\/revisions\/20456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13521"},{"taxonomy":"kategoria-bigling","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategoria-bigling?post=13521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}