{"id":25287,"date":"2023-09-13T13:01:28","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T13:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/?p=25287"},"modified":"2023-09-14T14:22:25","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T14:22:25","slug":"po-ochranaroch-prisiel-bobor-ako-pokracuje-v-revitalizacii-raseliniska-na-orave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/po-ochranaroch-prisiel-bobor-ako-pokracuje-v-revitalizacii-raseliniska-na-orave\/","title":{"rendered":"Po ochran\u00e1roch pri\u0161iel bobor: Ako pokra\u010duje v\u00a0revitaliz\u00e1cii ra\u0161eliniska na Orave?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vyhubili sme ho, no vr\u00e1til sa a dnes sa mu u n\u00e1s dar\u00ed. A\u017e tak, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u013eudia s n\u00edm str\u00e1caj\u00fa trpezlivos\u0165 pre \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje. Bobor vodn\u00fd je v\u0161ak nenahradite\u013en\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017einier, vysvet\u013euje botanik Chr\u00e1nenej krajinnej oblasti Horn\u00e1 Orava Ivan \u0160ustr. Boli sme sa s n\u00edm pozrie\u0165 na ra\u0161elinisko, ktor\u00e9mu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bobrov prospieva.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko kedysi \u013eudia odvodnili, chceli tam hospod\u00e1ri\u0165. No vz\u00e1cny biotop je bez vody ods\u00faden\u00fd na postupn\u00fd z\u00e1nik. Pred dvadsiatimi rokmi tam preto \u0160t\u00e1tna ochrana pr\u00edrody Slovenskej republiky v spolupr\u00e1ci s Daphne - In\u0161tit\u00fatom aplikovanej ekol\u00f3gie postavili tridsa\u0165 prehr\u00e1dzok na odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch kan\u00e1loch vn\u00fatri ra\u0161eliniska. Cie\u013eom bolo zachyti\u0165 a spomali\u0165 vodu sk\u00f4r, ako sa dostane do kan\u00e1lov na obvode. Taktie\u017e vtedy odstr\u00e1nili z \u010dasti ra\u0161eliniska n\u00e1letov\u00e9 dreviny. V\u010faka tejto ve\u013ekej revitaliz\u00e1cii sa biotop do ve\u013ekej miery obnovil. Zhruba pred tromi rokmi na t\u00fato pr\u00e1cu nadviazali in\u00ed ochran\u00e1ri \u2013 bobry vodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201ePred dvadsiatimi rokmi sme sa nep\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali do ve\u013ek\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la, preto\u017ee tak\u00e9to dielo vy\u017eaduje pravideln\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu, \u010do by bolo pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165, ale bobor sa star\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148,\" <\/em>vysvet\u013euje riadite\u013e Daphne -IAE J\u00e1n Seffer.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u0161elinisko ako sklad uhl\u00edka<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cez M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko turistick\u00fd chodn\u00edk nevedie. Cel\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dza v \u0161tvrtom stupni ochrany a vstup n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkom je tu teda zak\u00e1zan\u00fd. So sprievodcom sa mus\u00edme najsk\u00f4r predra\u0165 such\u0161\u00edm okrajom cez osikov\u00fd h\u00e1jik. \u010ci sk\u00f4r pomedzi bobr\u00edmi zubami ohlodan\u00e9 pah\u00fdle os\u00edk. Stopy po pr\u00edtomnosti najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho eur\u00f3pskeho hlodavca s\u00fa neprehliadnute\u013en\u00e9. Na obvodov\u00fdch odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch kan\u00e1loch vidie\u0165 bobrie hr\u00e1dze a aj bobr\u00ed hrad. V\u010faka hr\u00e1dzam sa zdvihla nielen hladina vody v kan\u00e1loch, ale aj tej podzemnej a to je pre toto \u00fazemie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9, vysvet\u013euje \u0160ustr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Botanik Ivan \u0160ustr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bobrov sa ned\u00e1 prehliadnu\u0165.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1 toti\u017e vznikali na trvalo zamokren\u00fdch miestach, kde sa bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu z odumret\u00fdch rastl\u00edn tvorila ra\u0161elina. T\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee dosahova\u0165 hr\u00fabku od p\u00e1r centimetrov a\u017e po vy\u0161e 10 metrov. Takto sa via\u017ee uhl\u00edk, a to dokonca efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie ne\u017e v lesoch. S\u00fa tu od \u010dias poslednej doby \u013eadovej a patria medzi najohrozenej\u0161ie biotopy sveta. Pre odvod\u0148ovanie, \u0165a\u017ebu ra\u0161eliny, \u00fastup tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho kosenia \u010di stavbu Oravskej priehrady sa aj u n\u00e1s zachovali u\u017e len zlomky z p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch ra\u0161elin\u00edsk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z nich je pr\u00e1ve to M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed medzi \u00fazemia eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu zaraden\u00e9 do siete Natura 2000. T\u00e1 chr\u00e1ni najohrozenej\u0161ie a najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie \u010dasti pr\u00edrody naprie\u010d celou E\u00da. Lokalita pri M\u00fatnom je tvoren\u00e1 viacer\u00fdmi typmi ra\u0161elin\u00edsk. Striedaj\u00fa sa tu slatinn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fdten\u00e9 podzemnou vodou, vrchovisk\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1soben\u00e9 len zr\u00e1\u017ekami a aj takzvan\u00e9 prechodn\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Bobria hr\u00e1dza.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cu\u010doriedky, brusnice aj m\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e1 rastlina<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f postupujeme od bobrami zahatan\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov smerom dovn\u00fatra ra\u0161eliniska, pod nohami to \u010dvachce a zem m\u00e4kne, ako by sme kr\u00e1\u010dali po mokr\u00fdch vank\u00fa\u0161och. Gum\u00e1ky alebo aspo\u0148 turistick\u00e9 top\u00e1nky s\u00fa nevyhnutnos\u0165ou. Rast\u00fa tu pre ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 machy ra\u0161elinn\u00edky. \u010eal\u0161ia pre tento biotop typick\u00e1 rastlina, p\u00e1pern\u00edk, u\u017e odkvitla, tak\u017ee jej vatov\u00e9 chum\u00e1\u010diky u\u017e nevid\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach\u00e1dzame v\u0161ak in\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 rastliny. Napr\u00edklad vachtu trojlist\u00fa, ktorej sa tu dar\u00ed na najzamokrenej\u0161\u00edch miestach. Tie vznikli aj v\u010faka in\u017einierskym z\u00e1sahom bobra. T\u00e1to lie\u010divka horkej chuti vraj pom\u00e1ha pri \u017eal\u00fado\u010dn\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekostiach. Botanik Ivan \u0160ustr upozor\u0148uje aj na vz\u00e1cnu androm\u00e9dku sivolist\u00fa \u010di m\u00e4so\u017erav\u00fa rosi\u010dku okr\u00fahlolist\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161ade rast\u00fa \u010derven\u00e9 \u201ebrusnice\u201c, teda k\u013eukvy mo\u010diarne \u010di \u010du\u010doriedka barinn\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 je podobn\u00e1 sk\u00f4r kanadskej \u010du\u010doriedke a vraj je halucinog\u00e9nna.  Ke\u010f naraz\u00edme na p\u00f4vabne ru\u017eov\u00fd vres, botanik sa tomu nete\u0161\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to toti\u017e, \u017ee na tomto mieste je na pomery ra\u0161eliniska pr\u00edli\u0161 sucho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n
\"\"
m\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e1 rosi\u010dka okr\u00fahlolist\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
vachta trojlist\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
vres oby\u010dajn\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
brusnica oby\u010dajn\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
androm\u00e9dka sivolist\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u010du\u010doriedka barinn\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u010co maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 bobry a ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj popul\u00e1cie bobra boli kedysi v kritickom stave. No narozdiel od ra\u0161elin\u00edsk, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1chrana je komplikovan\u00e1, sa im dnes dar\u00ed lep\u0161ie. V polovici  19. storo\u010dia bol tento najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed eur\u00f3psky hlodavec a\u017e na p\u00e1r lokal\u00edt v Eur\u00f3pe vyhuben\u00fd. A to pre jeho ko\u017eu\u0161inu, tuk \u010di \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4soboval \u013eu\u010fom. Dnes je chr\u00e1nen\u00fd a zaraden\u00fd medzi druhy eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu pod\u013ea eur\u00f3pskej smernice biotopoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach sa na Slovensku op\u00e4\u0165 udom\u00e1cnil a niektor\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa pocit, \u017ee je premno\u017een\u00fd.  Ivan \u0160ustr oponuje, \u017ee to nie je mo\u017en\u00e9. Limituje ho prostredie, na ktor\u00e9 je naviazan\u00fd. M\u00f4\u017ee ho by\u0165 len to\u013eko, ko\u013eko sa u\u017eiv\u00ed v okol\u00ed vodn\u00fdch tokov. Pod\u013ea ochran\u00e1ra ide sk\u00f4r o to, \u017ee z \u013eudsk\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu bezpochyby robia \u0161kody. Aj v CHKO Horn\u00e1 Orava mali pr\u00edpady, kedy museli zasiahnu\u0165, napr\u00edklad ke\u010f pri Oravskej priehrade bobor zaplavil lesn\u00fa cestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vo v\u0161eobecnosti v\u0161ak pod\u013ea botanika m\u00e1 zmysel na\u010falej tohto hlodavca chr\u00e1ni\u0165, aj ke\u010f nie je na pokraji vyhynutia. Vykon\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00fa potrebujeme v krajine. \u201eObnovuje v krajine vodn\u00fd re\u017eim. Kde my sa o to sna\u017e\u00edme roky, on to sprav\u00ed za p\u00e1r t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Mo\u017eno to neurob\u00ed dokonale, ale ur\u010dite je \u013eah\u0161ie pokra\u010dova\u0165, kde on skon\u010d\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na M\u00fat\u0148anskom ra\u0161elinisku, napriek z\u00e1sahom \u013eudsk\u00fdch aj bobr\u00edch ochran\u00e1rov e\u0161te st\u00e1le nie je priazniv\u00fd stav. Neprospieva mu umel\u00e9 preh\u013abenie ne\u010falek\u00e9ho potoku M\u00fat\u0148anka \u010di \u00faprava mal\u00e9ho potoka pri ra\u0161elinisku. To v\u0161etko toti\u017e vpl\u00fdva na hladinu podzemnej vody. Pod\u013ea \u0160ustra to vidie\u0165 napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea borov\u00edc, ktor\u00fdmi ra\u0161elinisko zarast\u00e1 a t\u00fdm degraduje. V r\u00e1mci projektu Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch by ich chcela Spr\u00e1va CHKO Horn\u00e1 Orava odstra\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Zarastanie borovicami ra\u0161elinisku neprospieva.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u0161eliniskovou \u0161pongiou proti prejavom zmeny kl\u00edmy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obnova p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch kor\u00fdt tokov, mokrad\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane ra\u0161elin\u00edsk, a to aj v\u010faka pomoci bobra je v dobe zmeny kl\u00edmy k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1. Tieto biotopy vedia naakumulova\u0165 vodu po\u010das intenz\u00edvnych da\u017e\u010fov, zmierni\u0165 ni\u010div\u00fa silu povodn\u00ed, a v \u010dase sucha vlahu postupne uvo\u013enia do krajiny. Pod\u013ea \u0160ustra je to o to d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, \u017ee Orava m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ohrozen\u00e1 suchom. Prevl\u00e1da tam toti\u017e nepriepustn\u00e9 fly\u0161ov\u00e9 podlo\u017eie, po ktorom voda odtek\u00e1 pre\u010d a nehromad\u00ed sa v  pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch podzemn\u00fdch rezervo\u00e1roch, iba na povrchu, odkia\u013e ju zasa odstr\u00e1nili \u013eudia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autorka: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text vznikol v r\u00e1mci projektu Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch<\/a> (LIFE-IP Natura 2000 SVK), ktor\u00fd je podporen\u00fd E\u00da v r\u00e1mci LIFE Programme a zo \u0161t\u00e1tneho rozpo\u010dtu prostredn\u00edctvom Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia SR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vyhubili sme ho, no vr\u00e1til sa a dnes sa mu u n\u00e1s dar\u00ed. A\u017e tak, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u013eudia s n\u00edm str\u00e1caj\u00fa trpezlivos\u0165 pre \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje. Bobor vodn\u00fd je v\u0161ak nenahradite\u013en\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017einier, vysvet\u013euje botanik Chr\u00e1nenej krajinnej oblasti Horn\u00e1 Orava Ivan \u0160ustr. Boli sme sa s n\u00edm pozrie\u0165 na ra\u0161elinisko, ktor\u00e9mu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bobrov prospieva. M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko kedysi \u013eudia odvodnili,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":25491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[105,108],"kategoria-bigling":[],"class_list":["post-25287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","tag-raseliniska","tag-priroda-pre-vsetkych"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1.webp","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1.webp",1440,1920,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-225x300.webp",225,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-768x1024.webp",768,1024,true],"large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-768x1024.webp",768,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-1152x1536.webp",1152,1536,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1.webp",1440,1920,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_2315-3-1-450x450.webp",450,450,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Pavla Lenyiova","author_link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/author\/lenyiova\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Vyhubili sme ho, no vr\u00e1til sa a dnes sa mu u n\u00e1s dar\u00ed. A\u017e tak, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u013eudia s n\u00edm str\u00e1caj\u00fa trpezlivos\u0165 pre \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje. Bobor vodn\u00fd je v\u0161ak nenahradite\u013en\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017einier, vysvet\u013euje botanik Chr\u00e1nenej krajinnej oblasti Horn\u00e1 Orava Ivan \u0160ustr. Boli sme sa s n\u00edm pozrie\u0165 na ra\u0161elinisko, ktor\u00e9mu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bobrov prospieva. M\u00fat\u0148ansk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko kedysi \u013eudia odvodnili,","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"meta_box":{"canky":false,"feature_image_off":"1"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25287"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25530,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25287\/revisions\/25530"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25287"},{"taxonomy":"kategoria-bigling","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategoria-bigling?post=25287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}