{"id":25532,"date":"2023-09-18T15:23:03","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T15:23:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/?p=25532"},"modified":"2025-03-03T06:51:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T06:51:20","slug":"netopieri-ultrazvuk-ludske-ucho-nezachyti-expertka-vysvetluje-ako-tieto-vykriky-ci-piesne-zneju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/netopieri-ultrazvuk-ludske-ucho-nezachyti-expertka-vysvetluje-ako-tieto-vykriky-ci-piesne-zneju\/","title":{"rendered":"Netopier\u00ed ultrazvuk \u013eudsk\u00e9 ucho nezachyt\u00ed. Expertka vysvet\u013euje, ako tieto v\u00fdkriky \u010di piesne znej\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Za\u017eili sme, \u017ee sami\u010dky sa vr\u00e1tili do \u00fakrytu otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 pestic\u00eddmi a&nbsp;ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 hynuli, lebo pri\u0161li o&nbsp;matky, hovor\u00ed predsedn\u00ed\u010dka Spolo\u010dnosti pre ochranu netopierov na Slovensku, zoologi\u010dka Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1. S&nbsp;Daphne \u2013 In\u0161tit\u00fatom aplikovanej ekol\u00f3gie spolupracuje pri mapovan\u00ed v\u00fdskytu netopierov.<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Podie\u013eate sa <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/projekt\/externy-monitoring-druhov-a-biotopov-europskeho-vyznamu-v-zmysle-smernice-o-biotopoch\/\"><strong>na monitoringu netopierov<\/strong><\/a><strong> a&nbsp;tie\u017e v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci projektu <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prirodaprevsetkych.sk\/\"><strong>Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch<\/strong><\/a><strong> overujete v\u00fdskyt netopierov v&nbsp;niektor\u00fdch \u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu, kde ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa d\u00e1ta o&nbsp;aktu\u00e1lnom stave. Nie je to \u013eahk\u00e9 \u2013 predsalen, netopiere lietaj\u00fa po tme. Navy\u0161e&nbsp;\u013eudsk\u00fdm uchom nedok\u00e1\u017eeme zachyti\u0165 ich hlas. Preto je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, ak\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami si pri va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci pom\u00e1hate. Vyu\u017e\u00edvate napr\u00edklad ultrazvukov\u00fd detektor. Do akej miery viete v\u010faka tomu rozozna\u0165, ak\u00e9 druhy pri v\u00e1s lietaj\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina druhov je rozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013en\u00e1. S\u00fa detektory, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m dok\u00e1\u017eu hlasov\u00e9 prejavy aj nahra\u0165. Vieme si ich pozrie\u0165 nesk\u00f4r v&nbsp;softv\u00e9ri a&nbsp;konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161ie ur\u010di\u0165 druh pod\u013ea tvaru v\u00fdkrikov, frekvenci\u00ed, vzdialenosti medzi v\u00fdkrikmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9228_fotoDaliborKundrat_detektoring.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ultrazvukov\u00fd detektor zachyt\u00ed aj to, \u010do \u013eudsk\u00e9 ucho nepo\u010duje. Foto: Dalibor Kundrat<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"674\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 900 \/ 674;\" width=\"900\" controls src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bez-nazvu-900-x-675-px-1.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Vo videu po\u010du\u0165 echoloka\u010dn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly samca ve\u010dernice parkovej. Nesk\u00f4r aj zaspieva - l\u00e1ka sami\u010dky v \u010dase p\u00e1renia. Nahr\u00e1vku do po\u010dute\u013enej podoby upravil Martin Ce\u013euch zo&nbsp;Spolo\u010dnosti pre ochranu netopierov na Slovensku. Foto: <a href=\"https:\/\/netopiere.sk\/sk\/\">netopiere.sk<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Spracuje softv\u00e9r t\u00fa nahr\u00e1vku do pre v\u00e1s po\u010dute\u013enej frekvencie alebo z\u00e1znam analyzujete len vizu\u00e1lne?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f m\u00e1me detektory v&nbsp;ter\u00e9ne, vtedy aj po\u010d\u00favame. Ultrazvuk sa transformuje v\u010faka reproduktoru do po\u010dute\u013enej podoby. Takisto si to vieme vypo\u010du\u0165 v&nbsp;softv\u00e9ri, ale pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed druhov je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd vzh\u013ead \u2013 zobraz\u00ed sa n\u00e1m spektogram. Aj matematick\u00fd faktor je tam zoh\u013eadnen\u00fd \u2013 softv\u00e9r meria d\u013a\u017eku v\u00fdkrikov, v\u00fd\u0161ku, vzdialenos\u0165 medzi nimi. Kolega Martin Ce\u013euch pripravil aj podklad pre mapovate\u013eov, kde s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 hlasov\u00e9 prejavy druhov, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017e\u00edme n\u00e1js\u0165 v&nbsp;\u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Slovensk\u00fd umelec Jon\u00e1\u0161 Gruska sa okrem in\u00e9ho venuje aj zachyt\u00e1vaniu netopierieho hlasu a&nbsp;vyu\u017e\u00edva to v hudobnej&nbsp;tvorbe. Ned\u00e1vno som po\u010dula jednu jeho nahr\u00e1vku netopierov a&nbsp;znelo to p\u00f4sobivo, ako trochu in\u00fd vt\u00e1\u010d\u00ed spev. Vy ste u\u017e po\u010duli cel\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu ich hlasov\u00fdch prejavov, k&nbsp;\u010domu by ste to prirovnali vy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy sa oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa mokr\u00fdmi t\u00f3nmi, ako ke\u010f kvapk\u00e1 voda. Druhy rodu Myotis sa oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa such\u00fdmi praskav\u00fdmi zvukmi, ako keby sa l\u00e1mali kon\u00e1re, a&nbsp;ve\u013emi husto za sebou. Napr\u00edklad netopier let\u00ed a&nbsp;n\u00e1jde koris\u0165, ktor\u00fa chce ulovi\u0165, tie zvuky sa zintenz\u00edvnia. Naozaj ako keby nie\u010do praskalo: trrrrrr-t-t-t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To, o&nbsp;\u010dom hovor\u00edte vy - na jese\u0148 samce volaj\u00fa na samice, s&nbsp;ktor\u00fdmi sa chc\u00fa sp\u00e1ri\u0165. V&nbsp;pr\u00edrode to neznie ako piese\u0148, a\u017e k\u00fdm si ten zvuk nenahr\u00e1me a nespomal\u00edme. Existuje vo\u013ene dostupn\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia BatLib, m\u00f4\u017eete si tam pozrie\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o akomko\u013evek druhu netopiera a vypo\u010du\u0165 si, ako znie. Ale je to v&nbsp;angli\u010dtine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"25534\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20220802_223725_fotoMiroslavFulin_odchyt-netopierov-a-ukazka-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20220802_223725_fotoMiroslavFulin_odchyt-netopierov-a-ukazka-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20220802_223725_fotoMiroslavFulin_odchyt-netopierov-a-ukazka-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20220802_223725_fotoMiroslavFulin_odchyt-netopierov-a-ukazka-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20220802_223725_fotoMiroslavFulin_odchyt-netopierov-a-ukazka.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Denisa L<em>\u00f6<\/em>bbov\u00e1 ukazuje odchyten\u00e9ho jedinca netopiera ve\u013ek\u00e9ho. Foto: Miroslav Ful\u00edn <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"25540\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti-791x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9231_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-chyteny-v-sieti.jpg 1484w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Netopier ve\u013ek\u00fd chyten\u00fd v sieti. Tento druh vytv\u00e1ra po\u010detn\u00e9 letn\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie v podkroviach a lov\u00ed v lesoch, kde chyt\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie chrob\u00e1ky, napr\u00edklad bystru\u0161ky.  Foto: Dalibor Kundrat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do by narazili, keby lietali so zapchat\u00fdmi u\u0161ami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vykrikuj\u00fa \u00fastami alebo v&nbsp;pr\u00edpade podkov\u00e1rov nosov\u00fdm listom. Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd odraz hlasov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkriku, ktor\u00fd zachytia u\u0161ami im povie to, kde s\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Detektor nepom\u00f4\u017ee odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd druh, pom\u00e1hate si aj odchytom do siete. Kde je najlep\u0161ie ich natiahnu\u0165, aby ste boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fa miesta, kde sa koncentruj\u00fa. Napr\u00edklad mal\u00e9 vodn\u00e9 pl\u00f4\u0161ky, kam sa chodia napi\u0165 v&nbsp;lesn\u00fdch porastoch. Letov\u00e9 koridory, kadia\u013e preletuj\u00fa za potravou. Alebo sa sie\u0165 postav\u00ed pred podzemn\u00fd otvor, vstup do jaskyne alebo bansk\u00e9ho diela. \u010co vylieta von, \u010do sa ide napi\u0165, to sa podar\u00ed odchyti\u0165. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom si vieme potvrdi\u0165, o&nbsp;ktor\u00fd ide druh. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edskame \u010fal\u0161ie sprievodn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o&nbsp;zdravotnom stave, parazitoch, stave reprodukcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9423_fotoDaliborKundrat_mapovatelia-pri-sieti.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Niektor\u00e9 netopiere maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e9 prejavy. Experti ich musia chyti\u0165 do siete, aby ich vedeli odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Foto: Dalibor Kundrat<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Odchyten\u00fd netopier. Foto: Dalibor Kundrat<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chod\u00edte aj priamo do \u00fakrytov. Kde v\u0161ade ste u\u017e za netopiermi vliezli?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;zime sa kontroluj\u00fa jaskyne, star\u00e9 bansk\u00e9 diela. Potom sa kontroluj\u00fa aj lesn\u00e9 objekty, hlavne v&nbsp;letnom obdob\u00ed. Fas\u00e1dy lesn\u00fdch ch\u00e1t, po\u013eovn\u00edcke posedy, stromov\u00e9 dutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vo viacer\u00fdch \u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu s\u00fa netopiere jedn\u00fdm z&nbsp;predmetov ochrany. A&nbsp;m\u00e1me aj \u00fazemia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 hlavne (alebo len?) pre netopiere \u2013 Dubnick\u00e9 bane a&nbsp;Bradlo. Kde tie \u00fazemia s\u00fa a&nbsp;\u010d\u00edm s\u00fa hodnotn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dubnick\u00e9 bane s\u00fa v&nbsp;Slansk\u00fdch vrchoch a&nbsp;je to jedno z&nbsp;najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch zimov\u00edsk na Slovensku. Zimuje tam pribli\u017ene osem tis\u00edc netopierov viacer\u00fdch druhov. Podzemie je rozsiahle, m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko horizontov. S\u010d\u00edtava sa to cel\u00e9 tri dni a&nbsp;v&nbsp;t\u00edme je viac ako desa\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bradlo je bansk\u00e9 dielo v&nbsp;Rev\u00fackej vrchovine pri obci Nandra\u017e. Tam sa zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa samice a&nbsp;vychov\u00e1vaj\u00fa tam ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 dvoch mediter\u00e1nnych druhov, a&nbsp;to podkov\u00e1ra ju\u017en\u00e9ho a&nbsp;lietavca s\u0165ahovav\u00e9ho. Pozn\u00e1me len nieko\u013eko lokal\u00edt s&nbsp;v\u00fdskytom t\u00fdchto kol\u00f3ni\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV-1536x1154.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340103_fotoDenisaLobbova_prieskum-uzemi-SKUEV.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Prieskum \u00fazemia eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu Kamenn\u00e1 baba. Experti h\u013eadaj\u00fa miesto vhodn\u00e9 na odchyt. M\u00f4\u017ee n\u00edm by\u0165 otvor do jaskyne, men\u0161ia vodn\u00e1 pl\u00f4\u0161ka \u010di lesn\u00fd koridor, kadia\u013e by mohli s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou netopiere prelieta\u0165.&nbsp;Foto: Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u0161etky u&nbsp;n\u00e1s \u017eij\u00face druhy s\u00fa druhmi eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu. Teda patria medzi to najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie alebo najohrozenej\u0161ie, \u010do v&nbsp;E\u00da m\u00e1me. Ktor\u00e9 z&nbsp;t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa u&nbsp;n\u00e1s, s\u00fa najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie a&nbsp;pre\u010do?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0164a\u017eko poveda\u0165, lebo o&nbsp;niektor\u00fdch druhoch m\u00e1me ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad raniaky obrovsk\u00e9 sa podarilo len pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi zisti\u0165 na Mur\u00e1nskej planine a&nbsp;vo Veporsk\u00fdch vrchoch. Je m\u00e1lo poznan\u00fd. O&nbsp;lesn\u00fdch druhoch, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad ucha\u0148a \u010dierna alebo netopier Bechsteinov, teda netopier ve\u013ekouch\u00fd, m\u00e1me m\u00e1lo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Preto sa aj rob\u00ed toto mapovanie, aby sme zistili, \u010do v&nbsp;t\u00fdch \u00fazemiach \u017eije, v&nbsp;akom stave popul\u00e1cie s\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkovo v&nbsp;Eur\u00f3pe klesaj\u00fa po\u010dty uchan\u00ed \u010diernych, aj na zimovisk\u00e1ch. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zrejme zmenou kl\u00edmy. Ale mo\u017eno v&nbsp;skuto\u010dnosti nie s\u00fa tie po\u010dty ni\u017e\u0161ie, mo\u017eno sa popul\u00e1cia len prisp\u00f4sobila nov\u00fdm poveternostn\u00fdm podmienkam. Zimy s\u00fa miernej\u0161ie a&nbsp;zrejme dok\u00e1\u017eu jedince prezimova\u0165 aj v&nbsp;lesn\u00fdch porastoch, pod k\u00f4rou stromov, nemusia teda vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len podzemie, kde je stabiln\u00e1 teplota. Je to ot\u00e1zka b\u00e1dania, aby sme z\u00edskali viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o&nbsp;t\u00fdchto druhoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ak\u00fa \u00falohu v&nbsp;ekosyst\u00e9me zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa a ak\u00e9 nezi\u0161tn\u00e9 \u201eslu\u017eby\u201c poskytuj\u00fa \u010dloveku??<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou potravnej hierarchie. Oni s\u00fa potravou pre in\u00e9 druhy a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 lovia hmyz. Maj\u00fa tak v\u00fdznam pri regul\u00e1cii hmyzu a&nbsp;aj pre \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd tie\u017e sna\u017e\u00ed regulova\u0165 hlavne mno\u017estvo bodav\u00e9ho hmyzu. Funguje to vyv\u00e1\u017eenej\u0161ie, ke\u010f m\u00f4\u017eu netopiere lovi\u0165 svoju prirodzen\u00fa potravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gu\u00e1no sa hromad\u00ed vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch tam, kde s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie kol\u00f3nie. \u00dakryty na miestach, ako s\u00fa podkrovia kostolov, treba \u010disti\u0165 a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 to vieme vyu\u017ei\u0165 v&nbsp;na\u0161ich z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch a&nbsp;na poliach ako kvalitn\u00e9 hnojivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25550\" style=\"object-fit:contain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov-1536x1154.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340106_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-podzemnych-ukrytov.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Kontrola jaskyne Zl\u00e1 diera v&nbsp;\u00fazem\u00ed eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu Kamenn\u00e1 baba. V letnom obdob\u00ed je pred jasky\u0148ou aktivita \u2013 netopiere vyletuj\u00fa z podzemn\u00e9ho \u00fakrytu<\/em>.<em> Foto: Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co ohrozuje najviac netopiere v&nbsp;\u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;lesn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9moch maj\u00fa netopiere prirodzen\u00e9 \u00fakryty v&nbsp;stromov\u00fdch dutin\u00e1ch. Vetern\u00e9 kalamity alebo \u0165a\u017eba ich ohrozuje priamo. Nepriamo to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanie pestic\u00eddov v&nbsp;oblastiach, kam chodia lovi\u0165. P\u00f4sob\u00ed to na potravu a&nbsp;ke\u010f netopier tento hmyz zo\u017eerie, m\u00f4\u017ee ho to otr\u00e1vi\u0165. U\u017e sme mali p\u00e1r tak\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov, kedy samice pri\u0161li otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 alebo sa nevr\u00e1tili do \u00fakrytu z&nbsp;loviska. N\u00e1sledne hynuli ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1, lebo stratili matky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zmena kl\u00edmy ich neohrozuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00fdm druhom m\u00f4\u017ee paradoxne vyhovova\u0165. Napr\u00edklad raniak obrovsk\u00fd, ktor\u00e9ho teraz viac sk\u00famame, m\u00e1 \u00fakryty v&nbsp;stromov\u00fdch dutin\u00e1ch v&nbsp;star\u00fdch zmie\u0161an\u00fdch porastoch, niekde len v smre\u010din\u00e1ch. Smrekov\u00e9 porasty v&nbsp;ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch odumieraj\u00fa pre zvy\u0161uj\u00facu sa teplotu. S\u00fa naru\u0161en\u00e9, vznik\u00e1 tam viac dut\u00edn, \u010di\u017ee netopier m\u00e1 viac \u00fakrytov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa ku n\u00e1m \u0161\u00edria in\u00e9, teplomilnej\u0161ie druhy, dok\u00e1\u017eu tu u\u017e prezimova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25554\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky-1536x1154.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/P2340160_fotoDenisaLobbova_kontrola-lesnej-pivnicky.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Lesn\u00e1 pivni\u010dka m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 skvel\u00fdm \u00fakrytom pre podkov\u00e1re mal\u00e9 \u010di uch\u00e1\u010de svetl\u00e9.  Foto: Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Netopiere s\u00fa aj s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou miest. V panelov\u00fdch domoch sa netopiere ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 v \u0161k\u00e1rach medzi panelmi, v atikov\u00fdch vetrac\u00edch otvoroch alebo aj v r\u00f4znych dut\u00fdch priestoroch pod strechou, oplechovan\u00edm strechy, balk\u00f3nov a lod\u017ei\u00ed. V&nbsp;posledn\u00fdch rokoch boli ohrozen\u00e9 spolu s&nbsp;d\u00e1\u017e\u010fovn\u00edkmi zatep\u013eovan\u00edm, kedy prich\u00e1dzali o&nbsp;svoje \u00fakryty. Do akej miery to zasiahlo ich popul\u00e1cie na Slovensku?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u013emi. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee klesli o&nbsp;70 a\u017e 80%. V&nbsp;90. rokoch boli panelov\u00e9 domy os\u00eddlen\u00e9 po\u010detn\u00fdmi kol\u00f3niami. Vtedy sa to bohu\u017eia\u013e nepodchytilo a&nbsp;ve\u013ea netopierov tam zostalo za\u0161p\u00e1rovan\u00fdch. Ke\u010f sa zistilo, \u017ee netopierov v&nbsp;mest\u00e1ch ub\u00fada, r\u00fdchlo sa pri\u0161lo na to, \u017ee pr\u00ed\u010dinou je obnova fas\u00e1d budov.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0roku 2010 sa to za\u010dalo rie\u0161i\u0165 na administrat\u00edvnej \u00farovni. Za\u010dali sa postupne v regi\u00f3noch p\u00edsa\u0165 odborn\u00e9 posudky k\u00a0projektovej dokument\u00e1cii. Poukazuj\u00fa na v\u00fdskyt chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a\u00a0ur\u010duj\u00fa, za ak\u00fdch podmienok sa m\u00f4\u017ee budova zatepli\u0165, ak\u00e9 sa tam vyskytuj\u00fa \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, \u010do treba urobi\u0165, aby nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0\u00fahynu. Nesk\u00f4r sa navrhla aj in\u0161tal\u00e1cia b\u00fadok, ktor\u00e9 nahradia p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 \u00fakryty. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa to dnes u\u017e \u0161tandardne. Ale o\u00a0obsadenosti b\u00fadok vieme zatia\u013e ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo. Mali by sme sa zamera\u0165 aj na ich monitoring, aby sme zistili, do akej miery s\u00fa nahraden\u00e9 tie p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 \u00fakryty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorka: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Text vznikol v r\u00e1mci projektu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.prirodaprevsetkych.sk\/\">Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch<\/a>&nbsp;(LIFE-IP Natura 2000 SVK), ktor\u00fd je podporen\u00fd E\u00da v r\u00e1mci LIFE Programme a zo \u0161t\u00e1tneho rozpo\u010dtu prostredn\u00edctvom Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia SR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Za\u017eili sme, \u017ee sami\u010dky sa vr\u00e1tili do \u00fakrytu otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 pestic\u00eddmi a&nbsp;ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 hynuli, lebo pri\u0161li o&nbsp;matky, hovor\u00ed predsedn\u00ed\u010dka Spolo\u010dnosti pre ochranu netopierov na Slovensku, zoologi\u010dka Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1. S&nbsp;Daphne \u2013 In\u0161tit\u00fatom aplikovanej ekol\u00f3gie spolupracuje pri mapovan\u00ed v\u00fdskytu netopierov. Podie\u013eate sa na monitoringu netopierov a&nbsp;tie\u017e v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci projektu Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch overujete v\u00fdskyt netopierov v&nbsp;niektor\u00fdch \u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu, kde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":25542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,79],"tags":[106,108],"kategoria-bigling":[],"class_list":["post-25532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-sk-clanky","tag-natura-2000","tag-priroda-pre-vsetkych"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt.jpg","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt.jpg",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-768x432.jpg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-1024x576.jpg",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-1536x864.jpg",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt.jpg",1920,1080,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/daphne.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG_9310_fotoDaliborKundrat_Mmyo-odchyt-450x450.jpg",450,450,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Pavla Lenyiova","author_link":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/author\/lenyiova\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Za\u017eili sme, \u017ee sami\u010dky sa vr\u00e1tili do \u00fakrytu otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 pestic\u00eddmi a&nbsp;ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 hynuli, lebo pri\u0161li o&nbsp;matky, hovor\u00ed predsedn\u00ed\u010dka Spolo\u010dnosti pre ochranu netopierov na Slovensku, zoologi\u010dka Denisa L\u00f6bbov\u00e1. S&nbsp;Daphne \u2013 In\u0161tit\u00fatom aplikovanej ekol\u00f3gie spolupracuje pri mapovan\u00ed v\u00fdskytu netopierov. Podie\u013eate sa na monitoringu netopierov a&nbsp;tie\u017e v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci projektu Pr\u00edroda pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch overujete v\u00fdskyt netopierov v&nbsp;niektor\u00fdch \u00fazemiach eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdznamu, kde","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"meta_box":{"canky":false,"feature_image_off":"1"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25532"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30499,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25532\/revisions\/30499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25532"},{"taxonomy":"kategoria-bigling","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daphne.sk\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategoria-bigling?post=25532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}